Astronomy



= Link between units: How do forces and energy affect our solar system and the rest of the universe? =

//**MISCONCEPTIONS:**// • **//Earth is center of the Universe//**
 * //• Seasons caused by distance to sun (close)//**
 * //• Sun rise and setting not caused by tilt (directed not overhead)//**
 * //• Sun is more intense in summer//**
 * //• No gravity on moon / moon only out at night//**
 * //• No atmosphere, no gravity//**
 * //• Mass weight//**
 * //• Stars in our solar system//**
 * //• Shooting stars are moving stars//**
 * //• Our sun is largest star//**
 * //• Vast distances between planets / other bodies in universe//**
 * //• Light years in time//**
 * //• Our sight is present time//**

=Astronomy Learning Goals and Standards:=


 * LEARNING OBJECTIVES:**

• Relate the Earth’s rotation to apparent east to west changes in position of objects in the sky. • Relate the tilt of the Earth and its position as it revolves around the sun to the direct and indirect of sunlight. • Relate directness of sunlight to seasonal change • Recognize where objects are (i.e. planets, sun, satellites, moon, comets) in our solar system. • Describe how gravity affects orbits • Compare distances in our solar system to distances between objects in the rest of the universe (i.e. other stars)

Over arching questions: Essential/Enduring

//**Relate celestial bodies in our solar system and beyond to each other and the**// //**Earth**//


 * RESOURCES:**

(engagement) NASA Website Powers of 10 Textbook Sam’s moon phase activity Carla’s army man on the globe STARGAZER

What is the effect of the angle of the sun on temperature?
 * EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:**

|| ||  **Linking Question: Why does the length of days change from summer to winter?** **Linking Question: What's the reason for the season?** **Linking Question: Are there seasons on other planets?** **Linking Question: Why planets continue to orbit?**
 * || ** OBJECTIVE #5 ** ||
 * ** Master Objectives: ** ||
 * The Universe: Relate celestial bodies in our solar system to each other and Earth. ||
 * || ** Strand: ** || Sci - Universe ||
 * Linking Question: How far is our solar system from the center of the galaxy? **

5-1: Explain the relationships between celestial bodies in our solar system.

6.1.B.7.a-b a. Describe how the Earth’s placement in the solar system is favorable to sustain life (i.e., distance from the Sun, temperature, atmosphere) b. Compare and contrast the characteristics of Earth that support life with the characteristics of other planets that are considered favorable or unfavorable to life (e.g., atmospheric gases, extremely high/low temperatures

6.2.A.7.a-e a. Relate the apparent east-to-west changes in the positions of the Sun, other stars, and planets in the sky over the course of a day to Earth’s counterclockwise rotation about its axis b. Describe the pattern that can be observed in the changes in number of hours of visible sunlight, and the time and location of sunrise and sunset, throughout the year c. Describe how, in the Northern Hemisphere, the Sun appears lower in the sky during the winter and higher in the sky during the summer d. Describe how, in winter, the Sun appears to rise in the Southeast and set in the Southwest, accounting for a relatively short day length, and, in summer, the Sun appears to rise in the Northeast and set in the Northwest, accounting for a relatively long day length e. Describe how the Sun is never directly overhead when observed from North America

6.2.B.7.a-f a. Observe the change in time and location of Moon rise, Moon set, and the Moon’s appearance relative to time of day and month over several months, and note the pattern in this change b. Describe how the Moon rises later each day due to its revolution around the Earth in a counterclockwise direction c. Describe how the Moon is in the sky for roughly 12 hours in a 24-hour period (i.e., if the Moon rises at about 6 P.M., it will set at about 6 A.M.) d. Describe how that one half of the Moon is always facing the Sun and, therefore, one half of the Moon is always lit e. Relate the apparent change in the Moon’s position in the sky as it appears to move east-to-west over the course of a day to Earth’s counterclockwise rotation about its axis f. Describe how the appearance of the Moon that can be seen from Earth changes approximately every 28 days in an observable pattern (moon phases)

6.2.C.7.a-g (G is missing on the 2.0 GLE) a. Illustrate and explain a day as the time it takes a planet to make a full rotation about its axis b. Diagram the path (orbital ellipse) the Earth travels as it revolves around the Sun c. Illustrate and explain a year as the time it takes a planet to revolve around the Sun d. Explain the relationships between a planet’s length of year (period of revolution) and its position in the solar system e. Recognize and explain the phases of the moon are due to the relative positions of the Moon with respect to the Earth and Sun f. Relate the axial tilt and orbital position of the Earth as it revolves around the Sun to the intensity of sunlight falling on different parts of the Earth during different seasons

6.2.D.7.a-c a. Describe how the Earth’s gravity pulls any object on or near the Earth toward it (including natural and artificial satellites) b. Describe how the planets’ gravitational pull keeps satellites and moons in orbit around them c. Describe how the Sun’s gravitational pull holds the Earth and other planets in their orbits


 * Show me Content/Knowledge standards: SC-6 composition and structure of the universe and the motions of the objects within it ||
 * Performance/Process Standards: 1.10 apply acquired information, ideas and skills to different contexts as students, workers, citizens and consumers ||

5-2: Classify celestial bodies by their properties and relative position to one another and to Earth.

6.1.A.7.a-c a. Classify celestial bodies in the solar system into categories: Sun, Moon, planets, and other small bodies (i.e., asteroids, comets, meteors), based on physical properties b. Compare and contrast the size, composition, atmosphere, and surface of the planets (inner vs. outer) in our solar system and Earth’s moon c. Describe the relative proximity of common celestial bodies (i.e., Sun, Moon, planets, smaller celestial bodies such as comets and meteors, other stars) in the sky to the Earth

6.1.C.7.a-b a. Explain that stars are separated from one another by vast and different distances, which causes stars to appear smaller than the Sun b. Compare the distance light travels from the Sun to Earth to the distance light travels from other stars to Earth using light years


 * Show me Content/Knowledge standards: SC-6 composition and structure of the universe and the motions of the objects within it ||
 * Performance/Process Standards: 3.5 reason inductively from a set of specific facts and deductively from general premises ||